The Trump administration announced a new 50% tariff/) on several categories of Canadian goods, set to take effect around Aug. 19.
According to US officials, the tariffs are a response to Canada's alleged discriminatory practices involving American alcoholic beverages, automobiles, and dairy products. The administration also chose not to renew the USMCA trade pact with Canada and Mexico.
Mark Carney, Canada's Prime Minister, stated that he had a conversation with Trump on Tuesday and "we agreed to intensify negotiations in the coming weeks and the team and myself look forward to doing that."
But Jeremy Kronick, CEO of the C.D. Howe Institute, said the "back and forth, up and down" trade landscape makes for "a difficult business environment for Canada." He added: "Even if we strike a deal tomorrow, are we sure it's a deal - or is it a deal only until it's not a deal?"
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The decision not to extend the USMCA, combined with the new 50% tariff, adds to a backdrop of trade uncertainty that has already slowed Canadian economic growth and investment. Analysts note that unpredictable trade policy makes it hard for companies to commit to long‑term spending.
Canada experienced a contraction in real GDP during two consecutive quarters earlier this year.
At its latest policy meeting, the Bank of Canada held its benchmark rate at 2.25% for a sixth consecutive meeting. Tiff Macklem, the Bank of Canada Governor, expressed optimism, noting that companies are adjusting to the persistent trade disruptions. For instance, Carolyn Rogers, Senior Deputy Governor, indicated that advancements on key projects like a planned pipeline to the western coast could be improving business confidence.
However, Desjardins Group's deputy chief economist, Randall Bartlett, warned that the new tariffs would cause significant economic harm. Bartlett said, "Reduced exports is a clear channel, but lower business investment as a result of sustained trade uncertainty will surely also contribute to weaker growth," and he noted that this would probably also weigh on core inflation.
Bank of Montreal economist Robert Kavcic pointed out that weak core inflation combined with additional tariffs means the central bank should weigh any rate increases very carefully. He wrote that "worsening trade relations with the US could even open the door to easing again."
The accumulation of trade disruptions - including the USMCA's expiration and the latest tariff - threatens to deepen the investment slump that has already held back Canada's productive capacity. Without renewed business spending, the economy may struggle to generate sustained growth even if a deal is eventually reached. The Bank of Canada's cautious stance reflects this uncertainty; holding rates steady gives policymakers room to react if the trade situation deteriorates further. Meanwhile, the weak core inflation reading provides cover for potential rate cuts, a move that would aim to cushion the blow from reduced exports and flagging corporate confidence.
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