On Friday, Japan's central bank opted to hold its policy rate at 1%, warning that core inflation was likely to run well above its 2% target from September through March before it slows.
The yen jumped to as high as 157.96. Tokyo was said to have acted alongside U.S. authorities doing a "rate check," a step often viewed as a precursor to intervention.
Friday's decision keeps the BOJ on a path the central bank says is not finished. The 8-1 decision, together with the BOJ's warning of an overshoot, points to continued pressure for further tightening.
According to the BOJ, the expected acceleration in core inflation will come from companies passing on climbing labor costs, more expensive crude, and the yen's slide. After that, the bank expects inflation to ease back toward 2% as oil prices decline.
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As of July, core inflation in Japan stood at 1.6%, and it has remained underneath the central bank's target for much of this year.
The central bank also made clear it is not done. The BOJ stressed that it will keep raising its policy rate.
The bank did not specify whether it might accelerate the pace of rate hikes. The goal is to head off the risk of inflation running above target and, in the bank's words, "exerting an adverse impact on the economy afterward."
Ayano Sato, a newly appointed BOJ board member, signaled that inflation expectations in Japan are not yet robust, a stance consistent with her appointment by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi.
Around the decision, speculation persists over whether the BOJ will raise rates more quickly. Before the decision, Bloomberg reported, citing people familiar with the matter, that BOJ officials could move faster than the market's current assumption of one hike every six months. Masahiko Loo, one of State Street Investment Management's senior fixed-income strategists, said the decision leaves room for a September or October increase instead of the usual six-month wait.
Loo also read the currency intervention as a message from MOF. "The key signal from last night's move is that MOF remains uncomfortable with excessive yen weakness," he said. "The line in the sand is probably better viewed as a zone around 162-165 rather than a specific level."
Analysts are focused on Governor Kazuo Ueda's communications after the policy decision. In a research note, RBC BlueBay Asset Management product specialist Wataru Aso said: "The more important question is whether Governor Ueda and the BOJ signal an acceleration in the pace of future hikes. This will be the focal point of the meeting, and Ueda's press conference will be where markets look for answers."
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