President Donald Trump made a bold promise during the 2026 State of the Union. Tariffs, he said, are paid for by foreign countries and could "substantially replace the modern-day system of income tax, taking a great financial burden off the people that I love."
Tariffs are simply taxes on goods entering the country. An analysis from the National Taxpayers Union, published March 11, 2026, argues the opposite: Americans are the ones who really pick up the tab for tariffs, so swapping one tax for another would not get anyone off the hook.
Before the income tax existed, in 1913, the average U.S. tariff was about 20%.
That sounds like a lot until you stack it against what income taxes collect. Dropping income taxes would cut federal revenue by $3.155 trillion, so the 20% tariff replaces only a fraction of the money Washington would lose.
Skip the spending cuts and the deficit, the gap between what Washington collects and spends, balloons. It would rise from $1.85 trillion to $4.49 trillion, and to keep that from happening, federal spending would have to fall by $2.64 trillion.
A $2.64 trillion cut is not a small trim.
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The alternatives are just as extreme. Ending all defense and Social Security spending would save $2.65 trillion.
Keeping those two but eliminating Medicare, healthcare, and veterans benefits would save $2.5 trillion. The article also looks at a narrower version where only the personal income tax disappears and the corporate tax stays.
Skipping spending cuts there would still more than double the annual deficit. To prevent that, all spending except interest would need a 34.8% cut, or the government could end defense entirely and reduce Social Security by 75%.
The author doubts any of that gets enacted. Recent federal budgets, the article notes, show no appetite for cuts like these.
Keeping the entire current budget funded by tariffs is even less plausible.
The extreme version of the idea runs into a contradiction. With $3.394 trillion in imports during 2025, a uniform 93% tariff could theoretically offset the $3.155 trillion that income taxes currently raise.
Tariffs might encourage domestic production, but the more they succeed at that, the less money they raise. A tariff that works so well that Americans stop buying imports is a tariff that stops collecting money.
Tariffs high enough to replace trillions in income-tax revenue would choke off the imports that generate that revenue.
The group says cutting spending and taxes are both worthy goals, but tariffs are not the way to hit them.
So what does that mean for your money? The promise that foreign countries will pay the bill does not match the math.
A tax by another name still costs you something, one way or another.
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