Tanzania has some remarkably high-paying government bonds. A 20-year bond due in 2047 pays 12.56% a year in interest, what bond investors call a coupon.
Another bond, due in 2051, pays 13.25%. Numbers like that make investors in richer countries do a quick double take.
But until now, most of the world could not buy them. Only Tanzanians living abroad and citizens of two regional groups were allowed in: the Southern African Development Community and the East African Community.
That is changing. The Bank of Tanzania says the reform is about broadening who can buy government debt, deepening the local financial system, and making Tanzania a more attractive place for outside money.
The change is part of a longer shift. In early 2024, Tanzania adopted a benchmark interest-rate approach to monetary policy, a modern way of steering rates.
The daily yield curve is central to that plan. It gives outside investors a transparent reference for pricing government debt and corporate lending, something frontier markets often lack. The Bank of Tanzania hopes that transparency will attract foreign capital and make local bonds easier to trade.
A yield curve is a snapshot of what the government pays to borrow money over different lengths of time.
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Governor Emmanuel Tutuba said the bank would publish the curve in a "timely manner following the 100% liberalization of our capital market."
He made the goal clear: "One of the expected benefits of this yield curve is that it will bring more foreign investors into our market."
A daily yield curve gives investors something they have not had: a clear, current read on what Tanzania's bonds are worth.
That matters because frontier-market bonds, from countries a step behind the big emerging economies, mostly attract foreign buyers with high yields. A public pricing benchmark makes the market feel safer to outsiders.
Tanzania is not the first country in the region to try this. Zambia ended a cap in January that had blocked non-residents from taking part in its debt auctions, and foreign money has been flowing into Zambian local bonds since.
The reform comes as Tanzania leans harder on its own bond market.
The government has long depended on concessional borrowing - cheap loans from multilateral lenders - but this fiscal year it intends to obtain 3.27 trillion shillings ($1.24 billion) by borrowing at home.
The plan could also stretch beyond Tanzania's own market.
Finance Minister Khamis Mussa Omar said last month that Tanzania may sell a Eurobond - a bond sold to international investors in a foreign currency - before the end of the year, depending on market conditions.
The finance minister gave no size, but one adviser to the government said the sale might bring in as much as $500 million.
A 13.25% coupon looks wonderful next to what most governments pay. But there is a trade-off.
These bonds are priced in Tanzanian shillings. If the shilling loses value, the money you get back shrinks too.
Frontier-market bonds also do not always trade easily when you want out. That is part of why the yields are high in the first place.
Still, the direction is worth watching. Tanzania is making its market easier to price, easier to reach, and easier to understand, and that gives investors a real choice: the yields are visible, the risks are clearer, and the decision is theirs to make.
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