New York Fed President John Williams identified AI-fueled demand as his primary inflation worry. He warned that ongoing strength in that demand might compel the central bank to hike rates.
"If this creates a sustained impulse to demand relative to supply in inflation, I do think that's the kind of situation where you don't look through this," Williams said at a New York Fed-hosted symposium. Should inflation prove more stubborn and significantly exceed his expectations, he added, "then monetary policy would need to respond to that."
"On the other hand, if it isn't and things play out in a more benign way, I do think monetary policy is, and continues to be, well positioned," he said.
The key number for Williams and other Fed officials is the monthly core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index - the Fed's preferred inflation measure that strips out food and energy. Williams said if that index rises at just 0.2% per month in the second half of 2026, it would support the view that inflation is moving back toward the Fed's 2% annual target.
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"A rate of core PCE of two-tenths a month in the second half of this year, that would be consistent with my view of a disinflationary process that's continuing," Williams said. "If it's higher than that, that would be a sign of inflation a bit more persistent."
In 2026, the central bank has yet to adjust its benchmark rate, yet more policymakers are backing a rate increase. Minutes from that same meeting show several participants argued for tightening monetary policy.
Meanwhile, Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh announced task forces to examine communications, the balance sheet, inflation models, productivity, and data sources. These groups are expected to present their recommendations in about half a year. Williams said the task forces were a "unique and timely" "opportunity to think about key areas for the central bank". "It's a pretty aggressive timeline of trying to get those reports back to us," he added.
The central bank's latest projections, released in June, showed a divided committee, with a notable minority advocating for tighter policy. This divergence reflects the uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of AI investments and consumer spending. Williams' comments underscore that the Fed is prepared to act if AI-driven demand proves more persistent than anticipated, but it will wait for more data before making any move.
Williams and other policymakers will monitor monthly core PCE readings closely. Readings exceeding 0.2% would indicate inflation is proving stickier. The task force reports due in roughly six months will also shape how the Fed operates going forward.
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